UK General Election 2024

Party Manifestos Tracker

Quick access:

Net Zero & Climate Policy

Fossil Fuels

Renewables, Nuclear, Energy

Land, Seas, Food & Nature

Housing

Transport

Plus: manifesto responses from our team and RSPB in our election newsletter

Net Zero & Climate Policies

Conservative Party

Net Zero by 2050

Stress a ‘pragmatic approach’ to ‘cut costs’ with parliamentary votes on each stage

Labour Party

Net zero energy by 2030

'accelerating net zero'

Liberal Democrats

Net Zero by 2045 at the latest

Green Party

Net Zero as soon as possible and 2040 at the latest

Reform UK

Scrap Net Zero

Conservative Party

No specific mention. Does discuss retraining fossil fuel workers in Scotland to other areas including hydrogen

Labour Party

Committed to a just transition. Cite the creation of a National Wealth Fund and British Jobs Bonus to support this.

Liberal Democrats

Committed to a just transition, citing investment (re)education and (re)training.

Green Party

£12.4bn investment in skills and training for green economy

Share of community ownership in sustainable energy infrastructure

Reform UK

No mention

Conservative Party

Oil & Gas windfall tax to continue to 2028 -29
Import carbon pricing by 2027 for select materials: iron, steel, aluminium, ceramics, cement.
£1.1bn into green industries growth accelerator
Lower green levies on energy
Increase farming subsidies (ELMs) by £1bn by end of next parliament
£6.6bn in home energy efficiency per year (voucher scheme for upgrades)
Home Purchasing: scrap stamp duty under £425k, new help to buy scheme
Renationalise railways to create Great British Railways

Labour Party

Oil & Gas windfall: close loopholes
Increase energy profits levy by +3% & extend sunset clause
Retain Energy Security Investment Mechanism
Carbon border adjustment mechanism
National Wealth Fund
Reverse decision to prevent Bank of England from giving due consideration to climate change
Aim to for the UK to become “green finance capital of the world’
Double investment for home upgrades (extra £6.6bn for grants and low cost loans)
Home purchasing: increase stamp duty for non-UK residents, first-time-buyer mortgage guarantee scheme & first chance at purchasing new homes
Renationalise railways to create Great British Railways
Create national energy company, Great British Energy

Liberal Democrats

Ending all fossil fuel subsidies
‘Proper’ one-off windfall tax on oil and gas ‘super-profits’
Carbon border adjustment mechanism
Decouple energy prices from gas wholesale price
Extra £1bn per year for ELMs and farming
Fully subsidies home retrofits for low income households, and increase heat pump incentives
VAT on public EV charging cut to 5%
Maintain £2 bus fare cap
Frequent flyer tax, private jet 'super-tax'

Green Party

Ending all fossil fuel subsidies
'Almost triple' payments for nature-friendly farming
Carbon tax on domestic and imported fossil fuels
Wealth tax
Land value tax
Home retrofit subsidies: £9bn for low carbon heating, £29bn for residential buildings to reach EPC B or higher, £4bn to insulate none-residential buildings
Weight-based vehicle tax
Free bus travel for under 18s
£2.5bn per year for new cycleways and footpaths
Increase public rail subsidies by £10bn and nationalise railways
Frequent flyer tax

Reform UK

None specifically for net zero (other than scrapping most subsidies)
Bring 50% of each utility into public ownership, with the other 50% belonging to pension funds

Conservative Party

No Mention

Labour Party

Mandate 1.5 degree (Paris-aligned) transition plans from financial institutions and FTSE 100 companies

Liberal Democrats

Mandate large business disclosure on net zero and nature-positive transition plans

Regulating financial services for climate-friendly investments

New powers for regulators to prevent investors from failing to manage climate risks

New Blue Carbon and Soils Carbon Standards

Green Party

More stringent rules on polluting industries

Reform UK

No mention

Conservative Party

Build first two carbon capture and storage clusters

Labour Party

£1billion to accelerate carbon capture

£500m for green hydrogen

Liberal Democrats

Regional industrial clusters for zero-carbon innovation

Increasing Industrial Energy Transformation Fund

Green Party

£30bn research & development investment over 5 year parliament, from which carbon capture to receive funding. Will also be directed at: energy storage; agroecological agriculture and soil health; re-use, repair, recycling and designing out waste; carbon neutral construction; carbon-neutral production.

Reform UK

Scrap thousands of laws 'that hold back British business', including employment laws

Fossil Fuels

Conservative Party

Annual licensing for new oil and gas

Continued extraction from existing and licensed projects

Labour Party

No new oil and gas licenses

Continuing licensed projects for their lifetime

Liberal Democrats

No specific policy on extraction

Green Party

No new oil and gas licenses

Cancellation of existing recent licenses

Reform UK

Fast track new oil and gas licenses

Renewables, nuclear, and energy policy

Conservative Party

3x offshore wind

Labour Party

4x offshore wind by 2030

2x onshore wind

Liberal Democrats

'Removing restrictions' on new wind, goal of 90% renewable energy by 2030

Green Party

By 2035:

80GW offshore wind

53GW onshore wind

Reform UK

No mention

Conservative Party

Lower green levies

Labour Party

Strengthen regulator: greater compliance, higher standards, automatic customer compensation

Reduce standing charges

Create Great British Energy and an international Clean Power Alliance to switch to renewables and lower bills

Liberal Democrats

Decouple electricity price from gas wholesale price

Eliminate regional differences in bills

Social tariff to provide targeted support to vulnerable households

‘Proper, one-off windfall tax on oil and gas’

Green Party

Public ownership of the big 5 energy companies

Community ownership of local energy production

Reform UK

Cap standing charges

Conservative Party

'We will prioritise our energy security'

Mix of new fossil fuels, gas power stations, nuclear, and renewables

Labour Party

Establish Great British Energy (national energy company)

Create international Clean Power Alliance

Energy Independence Act

Switch to 'net zero' energy by 2030, reducing fossil fuel dependency

Liberal Democrats

Reducing fossil fuel dependency

Green Party

Reducing fossil fuel dependency

Reform UK

No mention

Land & Seas: Farming, Fisheries, and Nature

Conservative Party

Increase farming budget by £1bn over next parliament & maintain ELMs approach

Establish UK Farming Innovation fund (£20m)

Extend Seasonal Agricultural Worker Scheme

Animal welfare: ban import of hunting trophies, tackling puppy smuggling, tackling livestock worrying

Labour Party

Target 50% of all food purchased by public sector to be locally produced or certified to higher environmental standards

Make Land-use Framework and ELMs work for farmers and nature

Eradicate Bovine TB to end badger culling

Stronger animal welfare: ban trail hunting, end puppy smuggling, ban import on hunting trophies, end use of snare traps, phase out animal testing

Liberal Democrats

Extra £1bn per year to accelerate ELM rollout and introduce other 'public money for public good' programs

National Food Strategy: food security, prices, food poverty, health & nutrition

Negotiating for easier EU trade for farmers

Pass a new Animal Welfare Bill and ensure trade agreements match welfare requirements

Green Party

Almost triple payments for nature-friendly farming transition

Rules and monitoring on use of antibiotics, pesticides, overstocking: ending factory farming

Move to mixed farming along with a reduction in meat and dairy production and implement new horticulture support for fruit and vegetable production

Link farm payments to a reduction in the use of pesticides and other agro-chemicals.

End unfair trade deals

Commission on Animal Protection and rights for animals as sentient beings

Badger vaccination against Bovine TB

Reform UK

Scrap climate-related farming subsidies

Cut ‘red tape’

Target 70% food security

Conservative Party

Tree planting and peatland through Nature for Climate funding

Cut red tape regarding tree planting

Introduce forest risk commodities legislation to tackle our impact on overseas deforestation

Labour Party

Three new National Forests in England

Planting millions of trees

Creating new woodlands

Liberal Democrats

Protecting and enhancing our temperate rainforests

Doubling woodland cover by 2050

Plant at least 60 million trees a year

Green Party

Substantial increase in productive forestry

Increasing unharvested forest and woodland by over 50%

Reform UK

No mention

Conservative Party

Designate a new National Park and invest to improve existing parks

Landscape Recovery Scheme will continue to support community-led projects

Nature for Climate Funding: Deliver on existing tree planting and peatland recovery commitments

Programs to support children and young people to access green space

Work to open more 'access to nature' routes

Forest risk commodities legislation to track our impact on international deforestation

Labour Party

Protect greenbelt (although they will build on it)

Action to meet Environment Act targets

9 new National River Walks

3 New National Forests

Plant ‘millions’ of trees & new woodlands

Expand nature-rich habitats, incl wetlands, peat bogs, and forests

Liberal Democrats

‘Double nature’ by 2050: doubling the area of wildlife habitats, doubling species abundance, doubling woodland cover

Protected area network

Plant at least 60 million trees per year

A new Clean Air Act and Air Quality Agency

Strengthen OEP, more funding for Environment Agency and Natural England

Using nature-based solutions

Green Party

New Rights of Nature Act, giving legal personhood to nature

New Right to Roam Act

30% of land set aside for restoration

Ban on all hunting and blood sports within a year

Reform UK

Protect ‘country sports’ (shooting, hunting, etc)

Conservative Party

Ban executive bonuses if company has committed criminal breach

Unlimited water company fines: proceeds invested in river restoration

Reform price review regulatory process

Extend £50 water rebate for those in South West

Labour Party

Put water companies under special measures to clean up water

Give regulators the power to block executive bonuses and bring criminal charges for severe cases

Automatic and severe fines, independent monitoring

Liberal Democrats

Transition water companies to public benefit companies

Ban bonuses for bosses until discharge leaks end

Replace ofwat with ‘tough new regulator’

Sewage tax on water companies

Nature-based solutions to tackle problem

Green Party

End sewage leaks into water

Reform UK

No mention

Conservative Party

Replicate £100m UK Seafood Fund

Labour Party

No mention*

*There is no mention in the manifesto, however during the Wildlife Trusts' Big Nature and Climate Debate, Labour MP Toby Perkins stated they would:

Ban Bottom Trawling
Ratify the UN High Seas Treaty in UK Law

Liberal Democrats

Banning bottom trawling in MPAs, “sustainability…rebuilding fish stocks”

Green Party

Ban all destructive fishing practices (incl bottom trawling) from MPAs and other domestic waters

Reform UK

End automatic access for non-UK vessels

Ban foreign supertrawlers

Rebuild UK fish processing

Increase UK fleet

‘Guarantee sustainable stocks’ through ‘dynamic management system’

Conservative Party

Restated commitment to the Blue Belt & consultation with overseas territories to expand it

Moratorium on deep sea mining

Labour Party

No mention*

*There is no mention in the manifesto, however during the Wildlife Trusts' Big Nature and Climate Debate, Labour MP Toby Perkins stated they would:

Ban Bottom Trawling
Ratify the UN High Seas Treaty in UK Law

Liberal Democrats

Create a ‘real’ network of marine protected areas, fully protected from damaging and destructive activities

Restoring blue carbon and ensuring climate resilience at sea

Green Party

30% of UK Waters into MPAs by 2030

Ban all destructive fishing practices (incl bottom trawling) from MPA and other domestic waters

New Rights of Nature Act

Reform UK

‘Guarantee sustainable stocks’ through ‘dynamic management system’

Housing

Conservative Party

1.6 million homes by the next parliament
Abolishing nutrient neutrality rules
Abolishing stamp duty up to £425k
New Help to Buy Scheme
Committed to Green Belt

Labour Party

1.5 million new homes over next parliament
Planning reform: update National Policy Planning Framework and restore mandatory housing targets
Increase stamp duty for non-UK residents
Change nutrient neutrality 'without weakening environmental protections'
Intervention if local communities are blocking development
Brownfield-first approach, fast-track for urban brownfield
Will build on greenfield 'without changing its purpose or general extent', prioritising lower quality 'grey belt' and creating 'golden rules' for people and nature to benefit
New towns
'high-quality, well-designed, and sustainable homes'
First time buyers: mortgage guarantee scheme, given first chance to buy new developments
Protection against no-fault evictions
End developments being sold off to international investors

Liberal Democrats

Zero-carbon standard for all new homes
380,000 new homes a year (1.9m over 5 years), with 150,000 social homes
Ban no-fault evictions, make 3-year tenancies the default, national register of licensed landlords
Giving local authorities & national park authorities power to end Right to Buy in their areas
End rough sleeping

Green Party

Right Homes, Right Place, Right Price Charter
All new homes meet Passivehaus or equivalent standards, with solar panels and heat pumps
150,000 new social homes per year

Reform UK

Review planning system
Reform social housing law
Abolish the Renters’ (Reform) Bill

Conservative Party

‘Never forcing people to rip out their existing boiler and replace it with a heat pump’

£6bn in energy efficiency over 3 years: voucher scheme for upgrades

Labour Party

Warm Homes Plan: Double investment (extra £6.6bn) for home energy upgrades, offer grants and low cost loans

Minimum energy efficiency standards for rented homes by 2030

Liberal Democrats

Emergency Home Energy Upgrade programme

Free insulation and heat pumps for low-income households

Providing incentives for heat pumps

Landlords to upgrade rental properties to EPC C or higher by 2028

Green Party

£9bn in the next five years for low carbon heating systems

£29bn over next five years to reach EPC B or above for residential buildings

£4bn over next five years to insulate other buildings

Reform UK

No mention

Transport

Conservative Party

Support charging infrastructure rollout

Zero Emission Vehicle Mandate

Labour Party

Restore 2030 date for combustion car phaseout/ZEV mandate

Accelerate charge points rollout

Support second hand EV market

Liberal Democrats

Restore 2030 ICE car phaseout

New charging points

Cut VAT on public charging to 5%

Green Party

Rapid transition to replace all petrol and diesel vehicles with EVs in a decade

Funding for extensive vehicle scrappage scheme raising to £5bn per year by the end of parliament

End sale of combustion cars by 2027

Remove petrol and diesel vehicles from the road by 2035

Reform UK

No legal requirements for EV sales

Conservative Party

Rail Reform Bill to create Great British Railways

Improve rail links

Labour Party

Public ownership of railways: Great British Railways

Improve rail links

Liberal Democrats

New Railway agency

Extend electrification of rail network

Reopen smaller stations

Deliver Northern Powerhouse Rail, review cancellation of HS2 North

Green Party

Increase annual public subsidies to £10bn by end of next parliament

Public ownership of railways

Reform UK

Improve rail links

50% of each utility to be brought into public ownership

Conservative Party

Reverse London ULEZ

Applying local referendums for Low Traffic Neighbourhoods and 20mph zones

Labour Party

No mention of ULEZ

New powers for local leaders to franchise bus services

Build new roads, fix 1m potholes funded by deferring A27 bypass

Liberal Democrats

No mention of ULEZ

Maintain £2 bus fare cap

Encourage switch to zero-emission buses

Fix potholes

Green Party

Oppose all new road building plans

Make road tax proportional to vehicle weight

20mp default speed in all built-up areas

Free bus travel for under 18s

Reform UK

Ban ULEZ and low traffic neighbourhoods

Build new roads

Conservative Party

Sustainable Aviation Fuel mandate

Support domestic flights

Labour Party

Secure UK Aviation’s long term future

Promote sustainable aviation fuels

Airspace modernisation

Liberal Democrats

Reforming flight taxation to target frequent flyers

Supertax on private jet flights

Remove VAT exemptions on private, first, and business class flights

Require domestic flights to advertise carbon emission comparisons with rail and road equivalent

Banning domestic flights where <2.5hr rail option available

Moratorium on net airport expansion & opposing current planned expansions

Green Party

Frequent flyer tax

Ban on domestic flights with train alternatives of <3hrs

Halt expansion of new airport capacity

Reform UK

No mention